Pyometra in Dogs and Cats: Symptoms, Treatment, and Why You Should Not Wait

Pyometra is a serious, pus-filled infection of the uterus that develops in unspayed dogs and cats. This condition requires immediate veterinary attention and can become life-threatening if left untreated

In pyometra, pus accumulates within the uterus. The disease develops as a result of hormonal changes and most commonly occurs several weeks after a heat cycle.
Pyometra is most frequently diagnosed in adult and senior unspayed females, although it can also occur in younger animals.

Following a heat cycle, progesterone levels increase. Under the influence of this hormone, the uterine lining undergoes changes that make it more susceptible to infection.
In most cases, bacteria enter the uterus from the vagina and begin to multiply, leading to inflammation and the accumulation of pus.

Affected animals may develop:

• Excessive thirst;
• Lethargy;
• Loss of appetite;
• Vomiting;
• Abdominal enlargement;
• Foul-smelling vaginal discharge.

In cats, clinical signs may sometimes be less obvious than in dogs, allowing the disease to remain undetected for a longer period.
In some cases, there may be no discharge at all—this is known as closed pyometra, a particularly dangerous form of the disease.

With closed pyometra, the pus remains trapped inside the uterus and cannot drain externally. This can lead to:

• Uterine rupture;
• Sepsis;
• Severe systemic toxicity;
• Death.

The animal's condition can deteriorate rapidly, making prompt veterinary care essential.

In most cases, the primary treatment is surgical removal of the uterus and ovaries (ovariohysterectomy).
Medical management is considered only in selected cases under close veterinary supervision, as the risk of complications and disease recurrence remains high.

Treatment typically includes:

• Stabilization of the patient's condition;
• Intravenous fluid therapy;
• Antibiotic therapy;
• Surgical intervention;
• Postoperative monitoring and care.

The earlier veterinary treatment is initiated, the better the chances for a successful recovery.

The most effective method of prevention is timely spaying.

If your dog or cat develops signs consistent with pyometra, it is important to seek veterinary care as soon as possible. At the International Veterinary Center MASVET in Bali, our veterinarians provide diagnostic evaluation and emergency surgical treatment for animals with reproductive system disorders.